Archives quotidiennes :

L’appariement par l’image Comment les applications mobiles géolocalisées déplacent le cadre des rencontres en ligne

Matching by image. How location-based mobile apps are shifting the online dating landscape

Emmanuel Kessous (2022)

In: Melchior Simioni & Philippe Steiner (eds.), Comment ça matche. Une sociologie de l’appariement. Paris: Presses de Science Po, pp. 139-167

Extrait : “Il est donc primordial d’en passer par une étude quasi ergonomique du design si l’on veut comprendre la manière dont l’action est orientée par les concepteurs. Une approche par les régimes d’engagement (Thévenot, 2006) permet de prendre en compte la cohérence de l’action et des objets qui la portent, sans en rester à une opposition binaire entre la rationalité (du marché) d’une part et les affects d’autre part. Il ne s’agit pas de choisir entre déterminisme social ou déterminisme technologique mais de reconnaître, ici, que les actions humaines, tout en étant libres, sont encadrées à la fois par les propriétés des objets et celles des personnes. Quelques caractéristiques doivent être soulignées dans cette perspective. Les sites de rencontre se développent à un moment où les rapports hommes/femmes sont redéfinis et où notre rapport au temps est accéléré. Ces dispositifs de rencontre renvoient à une forme de gouvernementalité des pratiques (Foucault, 2004) : les célibataires sont incités à prendre en main leur sexualité, comme ils doivent s’occuper de leur santé ou prendre en charge leur développement personnel. Les utilisateurs doivent également effectuer un travail de présentation de soi les conduisant à des matchs et à des interactions communicationnelles dans lesquelles ils explorent les possibilités avec d’éventuels prétendants. Des conventions émergent de l’usage des sites avec lesquelles les utilisateurs apprennent à se repérer.“ (p. 165)

Extract: “It is therefore essential to go through a quasi-ergonomic study of design if we want to understand the way in which action is oriented by designers. An approach based on the regimes of engagement (Thévenot, 2006) allows us to take into account the coherence of the action and the objects that carry it, without remaining in a binary opposition between rationality (of the market) on the one hand and affects on the other. It is not a question of choosing between social determinism or technological determinism, but of recognizing, here, that human actions, while being free, are framed by both the properties of objects and those of people. A few characteristics must be underlined in this perspective. Dating sites are developing at a time when male/female relationships are being redefined and our relationship to time is accelerating. These dating devices refer to a form of governmentality of practices (Foucault, 2004): singles are encouraged to take charge of their sexuality, just as they must take charge of their health or their personal development. Users are also required to perform a self-presentation task leading them to matches and communicative interactions in which they explore possibilities with potential suitors. Conventions emerge from the use of the sites with which users learn to navigate.”

Lien / Link

Conventions: Meanings and Applications of a Core Concept in Economics and Sociology of Conventions

Rainer Diaz-Bone & Guillemette de Larquier (2022)

In Rainer Diaz-Bone & Guillemette de Larquier (eds.), Handbook of economics and sociology of conventions. Cham: Springer, Online first

Abstract. The notion of convention is a core notion of the interdisciplinary and international movement of economics and sociology of conventions (in short EC/SC). This chapter presents developments, models, and different notions of the name-giving concept of “convention.” EC/SC can be conceived as a complex pragmatist institutionalism, which explains coordination, evaluation, and interpretation in situations by referring to conventions. This way, conventions can be regarded as institutional logics for the valuation or valorization of goods, actions, and persons. An early application of EC/SC has been the sociology of quantification and categorization, where conventions are analyzed as the basis for measurement. EC/SC has built up its perspective on conventions on two foregoing notions, which were introduced by Keynes and Lewis. EC/SC assumes that real situations are governed by a plurality of coexisting conventions. Therefore, a set of models have been worked out, which systematize conventions as logics of evaluation, valuation, and interpretation. This chapter presents how EC/SC approaches the stability and dynamics of conventions and concludes by pointing to EC/SC as a contemporary reconciliation of pragmatism and structuralism.

Lien / Link